Generic reference cases for economic evaluation (EE) of “cure-based” health technologies may not fit into the new healthcare paradigm of precision medicine (PM). Current EE approaches were challenged by the complex evolving decision space of PM, lack of clinical evidence due to small patient clusters and multiple pathways, difficulty to extract evidence on lifetime to intergenerational PM effects, insufficient analysis of decision uncertainty, and ethics and equity issues.
There is a crucial need to modify current guidelines or develop a new reference case specifically for PM evaluations, which should be determined on a case-by-case basis across jurisdictions.
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